During the 1800's, as the United States underwent its industrial revolution and automobiles replaced the horse and buggy, demand grew for better roads beyond trails and wagon ruts, a cause advanced first by bicyclists in the Good Roads Movement and then by motorists after Henry Ford began producing the Model T in 1908. In 1912, Carl Fisher, president of the Prest-O-Lite automotive lighting company and a developer of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and Miami Beach, Florida, proposed an all-season road across the United States, and an association dedicated to that goal was formed on October 31st, 1913, to create a continuous improved highway from the Atlantic to the Pacific, open to lawful traffic without tolls and to be known in memory of Abraham Lincoln as the Lincoln Highway. When first mapped in 1913, it extended 3,389 miles, and by 1924 realignments had shortened it to 3,142 miles; it passed through 13 states from Times Square in New York City to Lincoln Park in San Francisco. Although hopes were high that it would be completed before the 1915 opening of the Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Francisco, the route was only charted and improved in sections at first, and it was not fully paved until the early 1930's. Its marked path across the continent drew thousands to California, and it became known as America's First Coast to Coast Highway, Main Street Across America, and America's First Promoted Transcontinental Highway. The association ended its financial involvement in 1928 after concluding that its mission had been accomplished, but it continued promoting the highway into the 1940's. In 1919, Lt. Dwight David Eisenhower traveled the highway through Tracy as part of a military convoy, and as president he later drew on that experience, along with what he had seen of the German Autobahn, to promote the Interstate Highway System in the 1950's. In Tracy, the 1913 route followed 11th Street, crossed the Transcontinental Railroad where the bridge stands today, contributed greatly to the city's growth, and by 1918 motorists passing through were already seeing electrical shops, automobile garages, filling stations, and restaurants; from 1926 to 1933 the highway was officially signed U.S. 48, and from 1934 to 1972 U.S. 50.