Pictograph Cave, about five miles south of Billings, Montana, is a protected archaeological site of three caves in a sandstone bluff and a place of long cultural importance to American Indians. Excavations begun in 1937 uncovered more than 30,000 artifacts and at least 20,000 animal remains, revealing long use by people and animals and making the site central to some of Montana’s earliest professional archaeology. The largest cave contains 106 pictographs painted roughly between 2,145 and 200 years ago, including animals, warriors, and rifles. As a National Historic Landmark and state park, it preserves one of Montana’s most significant rock-art and archaeological sites.