On July 5, photographer and Scottish immigrant Alexander Gardner and his assistants, Timothy O'Sullivan and James Gibson, arrived at Gettysburg to document the carnage. Gardner's photographs of the Antietam Battlefield in 1862 had elicited strong emotional response from viewers, and the Gettysburg aftermath would do the same. Here, at the 280-acre Rose Farm, between 6,000 and 7,000 Union and Confederate soldiers were killed, wounded, or captured on July 2. Gardner took approximately 20 images of dead soldiers lying across the battlefield. These graphic images stripped away the pageantry of warfare, replacing it with gritty realism and the true cost of battle.