The Barton Village Site near Cumberland, Maryland, preserves a long record of Indigenous occupation in the Upper Potomac River Valley. Archaeological work in 1960 identified six cultural layers from three phases of late prehistoric occupation dating to about 1000 to 1500, documenting a transition from the terminal Woodland to terminal Prehistoric periods and providing important evidence of a Monongahela culture village. The site also contains much earlier Archaic-period remains reaching back to the beginning of the Holocene, suggesting settlement for at least 12,000 years. Its artifacts and setting make it a key source for understanding long-term human life in this regional prehistoric landscape.