Kirby's Mill in Medford, New Jersey, began in 1778 as Haines Mill, a water-powered grist mill on the Southwest Branch of Rancocas Creek. Over time it expanded into a larger industrial complex with a sawmill, Miller's House, blacksmith shop, and barn, and in 1877 William S. Kirby renamed it and added a fourth floor. Technological changes, including replacement of the water wheel with submerged turbines, supported year-round production of flour, cornmeal, feed, and lumber. Although milling operations ended in the 20th century, the complex survived severe flooding in 2004 with little damage and remains an important industrial survivor, now preserved by the Medford Historical Society as a museum complex.