Pipe Springs was established on May 31, 1923 through the effort of Stephen T. Mather and friends. It was occupied in 1863 by Dr. James M. Whitmore, who, with Robert McIntyre, was killed 4 miles S.E. of here on January 3, 1866 by Navajo and Piute Indians. Winsor Castle was erected by direction of Brigham Young in 1869-70 by Anson P. Winsor for handling the church tithing herds and as a frontier refuge from Indians. It became the first telegraph office in Arizona when the Desert Telegraph Line reached here in December 1871.