Pipe Spring in northern Arizona sustained human life in an arid landscape for at least 1,000 years, supporting Ancestral Puebloans and later Kaibab Paiute communities. It entered overland travel history in 1829 on the Armijo Route of the Old Spanish Trail and took its present name from a Latter-day Saint expedition in 1858. Mormon pioneers later developed a large ranch there, and by 1872 a fort over the main spring provided protection and became known as Winsor Castle. Isolated by the Grand Canyon, the site also served travelers and later sheltered polygamist wives. Today it preserves and interprets American Indian, exploration, and Mormon pioneer history.