After President Abraham Lincoln called for volunteers on April 15, 1861, and Governor Edwin G. Morgan appealed three days later for 13,280 troops to meet New York's quota, Elmira became one of the state's principal military bases. Situated on two railroad lines and a canal, it served as a rendezvous point for upstate enlistees, and between 1861 and 1863 more than 20,000 men passed through the city on their way to the front. Infantry, artillery, and cavalry units were mustered and trained there, using leased buildings in town and later camps established on acquired land in four Elmira locations. In summer 1864, Camp Rathbun, or Barracks No. 3, became Elmira Prison Camp, while Arnot Barracks, or Barracks No. 1, continued to house recruits and drafted men for the rest of the war. An 1871 Quartermaster Department inspection found 119 Union soldiers and 2,982 Confederate prisoners buried in private Woodlawn Cemetery, with nine more Union dead later acknowledged there, most of them having died at Elmira General Hospital. In 1874, through the efforts of Congressman H. Boardman Smith of Elmira, the government lot in Woodlawn Cemetery was designated Woodlawn National Cemetery. The Union graves at the north end were marked with marble headstones, but Confederate graves remained unmarked until 1908, when the Commission for Marking Graves of Confederate Dead installed distinctive pointed-top headstones. Woodlawn National Cemetery also became the reburial place for victims of the Shohola train disaster: on July 15, 1864, a train carrying Confederate prisoners and Union guards from Campy Lookout, Maryland, to Elmira collided head-on with a coal train near Shohola, Pennsylvania, after a telegraph operator mistakenly placed both trains on the same track, killing 49 prisoners and 17 guards. They were first buried in a mass grave near the wreck, then exhumed in 1910 and reburied at Woodlawn National Cemetery, where a monument installed the following year listed the victims' names, with Union on one side and Confederate on the other.