SS Winfield Scott, a sidewheel steamer built in New York in 1850, became part of the vital Panama-San Francisco route that carried passengers and cargo during the California Gold Rush, before the Panama Canal or transcontinental railroad existed. On December 1, 1853, after leaving San Francisco for Panama with passengers, crew, mail, and gold bullion, it struck Middle Anacapa Island in heavy fog and sank, though everyone aboard survived and was rescued. The wreck later drew salvage efforts but still preserves important evidence of mid-19th-century steamship construction and Gold Rush maritime trade. Its loss also helped spur navigation improvements at Anacapa.