A blacksmith shop on the Winn property was donated in 2000 by Dr. Donald S. Bickers, M.D. Built about 1910 by his grandfather, Alfred R. Clack, the building had stood on Clack’s farm off Fence Road in Dacula, where he used it into his old age before dying in 1948. Dr. Bickers preserved the shop’s arrangement, including his grandfather’s blacksmith tools, and it was moved to the Winn property from Alfarminda Farms on West Union Grove Circle in Gwinnett County. When donated, the building needed only a 110-pound anvil, stone foundation, and stone forge. Blacksmiths create objects from iron or steel by forging metal with tools that hammer, bend, and cut, producing items such as gates, grills, railings, light fixtures, furniture, sculpture, tools, agricultural implements, decorative and religious items, cooking utensils, horseshoes, and weapons. In colonial America, a farrier did much the same work as well as shoeing horses, while modern farriers usually specialize in horseshoeing. Blacksmiths work with iron, the “black” metal, and more recently steel, its derivative; the black color comes from fire scale, a layer of oxides formed on the metal’s surface during heating, and the word “smith” comes from “smite,” meaning to hit. Their work involves heating wrought iron or steel until it becomes soft enough to shape with hand tools such as a hammer, anvil, and chisel, using a forge fueled by propane, natural gas, coal, charcoal, or coke, and sometimes an oxyacetylene or similar blowtorch for localized heating. As iron is heated it glows red, then orange, yellow, and finally white before melting, with bright yellow-orange being the ideal forging heat for most work. Because color indicates temperature and workability, blacksmiths need consistent light that is not too bright, since direct sunlight obscures the colors. The techniques of smithing may be roughly divided into forging, welding, heat-treating, and finishing.