Mathews Brake National Wildlife Refuge in west-central Mississippi encompasses 2,418 acres and centers on Mathews Brake, the largest natural wooded wetland in Leflore County. Established in 1980 as one of seven refuges in the Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex, it is especially significant for migratory birds. More than 30,000 ducks winter there, and about 200 migratory bird species use the refuge during seasonal movements, including the prothonotary warbler. Managed water levels promote moist-soil plants and help sustain oaks along the wetland edge, improving habitat for waterfowl and other birds. The refuge also contains bottomland hardwoods and young hardwood plantations and supports hunting and fishing.