The Stock Exchange Bank, the oldest business in Caldwell, occupies one of the town’s oldest surviving buildings. It received a State Charter on November 12, 1881, and opened for business the following December 24th. The stone building erected in 1881 at a cost of $5,000 remains in use despite several major remodeling projects. From the beginning, the bank was closely allied with the cattle business of the Southwest, and the steerhead emblem has always been associated with it. It was a witness to Caldwell’s cowtown era, and its main lobby contains a pair of cattle horns measuring 7' 2" across, brought from southern Texas during the early cattle drives. At one time its vault held 100,000 silver dollars to pay Indian allotments because the Indians would not accept paper money. Its first officers were Major A. Drumm, president; Charles H. Moore, cashier; and John W. Nyce, assistant cashier. Drumm had come to Caldwell in the early 1870s on a cattle drive from Texas over the Chisholm Trail, established the "U" Ranch in Indian Territory near Caldwell in 1874, later founded the Cherokee Strip Livestock Association that was instrumental in founding the bank, and also founded the Kiowa Town Company, which established the city of Kiowa, Kansas. At one time the Livestock Association’s offices were located on the second story over the bank.