Texas played a significant role in World War II through war industries, military service, military facilities, prisoner of war camps, and the detention and internment of people classified as enemy aliens. After the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor brought the United States into the war, the government incarcerated thousands of Japanese Americans on the West Coast and in Hawaii, including Issei and Nisei, and more than 120,000 were moved primarily to War Relocation Authority camps across the country. They shared a loss of freedom with thousands of Japanese, German, and Italian Americans and enemy aliens detained in Department of Justice camps through the Enemy Alien Control Unit Program. Texas hosted temporary detention centers in Houston, San Antonio, and Laredo; Immigration and Naturalization Service enemy alien confinement camps at Crystal City, Kenedy, and Seagoville; and U.S. Army temporary confinement camps at Dodd Field near Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio and Fort Bliss in El Paso. The government's authority came from United States Code, Title 50, Section 21, and from President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Proclamation No. 2525 of December 7, 1941, and Proclamations No. 2526 and No. 2527 of December 8, 1941, modeled on the Enemy Alien Act of 1798, which made nationals of Japan, Germany, and Italy in the United States who were age fourteen and older and not naturalized liable to arrest, restraint, detention, and removal. Even before these proclamations, the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the State Department had prepared detention lists of people in the United States and in Central and South America considered potentially dangerous in wartime. With this system in place, the Federal Bureau of Investigation began arrests on the night of December 7, 1941, and by January 1942 those classified as enemy aliens had to register at local post offices, be fingerprinted and photographed, and carry registration cards at all times. Early in 1942, the Department of Justice created the Enemy Alien Control Unit in Washington, D.C., and Enemy Alien Hearing Boards in each federal judicial district, including boards in Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio. These three-member civilian boards, attended by representatives of the U.S. Attorney, the Immigration and Naturalization Service, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, heard cases of those taken into custody and decided whether they would be released, paroled, or interned for the duration of the war.