Charles Armand Schreiner, a native of Alsace-Lorraine, immigrated to Texas with his family in 1852, joined the Texas Rangers at age fifteen, and entered the cattle business at Turtle Creek in Kerr County in 1856. After serving in the Third Texas Infantry during the Civil War, he returned to Kerr County in 1865 and moved to Kerrville in 1869, where he opened a successful mercantile business. Threats of Indian raids soon led to the formation of the Kerrville Mounted Rifles, and Governor Richard Coke appointed Schreiner captain in 1875. In 1880 he bought the Taylor-Clements Ranch and its Y.O. brand, and Texas longhorn cattle became his primary concern, with more than 300,000 head driven from this area to Kansas railheads. His ventures in raising sheep and goats helped make Kerrville known as the "Mohair Center of the World." The last cattle drive from the ranch took place in 1941, when the stock was moved to Kerrville for shipment to Fort Worth. The Y.O. Ranch also became known throughout the world for its Texas longhorn cattle and its native and exotic wildlife conservation programs.