Between 1893 and 1925, more than sixty auto parts manufacturers came to Kokomo to support the local transportation industry created by Elwood Haynes and the Apperson Brothers. In 1893, Elwood Haynes hired Elmer Apperson, owner of the Riverside Machine Works on South Main Street in Kokomo, and his employees, including his brother Edgar and Jonathan Maxwell, to help develop and build a horseless carriage. On July 4th, 1894, Haynes test drove the Pioneer with Elmer Apperson and one other passenger, traveling nonstop from Pumpkinville Pike to the Machine Works building at a top speed of seven miles per hour. An early Haynes-Apperson Motor Carriage averaged seventeen miles per hour. In 1898, improved performance in new models and publicity from racing led to the formation of the Haynes-Apperson Corporation. In 1901, the Apperson brothers left the partnership, returned to the Riverside Machine Works building, and began building their own models. After the Riverside Machine Works building burned down in 1905, they built a new three-story factory on the site at 306 South Main Street in 1906. In 1907, the brothers introduced their Apperson Jack Rabbit model with a seventy-five mile per hour guarantee. In 1911, Elmer entered a car in the first Indianapolis 500.