Allegheny Observatory, founded in 1859 and later absorbed into the University of Pittsburgh, evolved from a public education venture into a major scientific center under Samuel Pierpont Langley. It became known for the Allegheny Time System, whose telegraph signals helped standardize railroad time in the United States and Canada in 1883, and for advances in astronomy and physics by figures including Langley, James Keeler, John Brashear, and Frank Schlesinger. The present Classical Revival building, begun in 1900 and completed in 1912, remains an active research facility and public educational site, linking major scientific achievements with its original mission of public access.