At the time of the Civil War, Philadelphia was the second-largest American city, and its factories and shipyards strongly supported the Union war effort by producing everything from blankets to gunboats, including the U.S.S. Tuscarora in less than three months and the ironclad U.S.S. New Ironsides. Thousands of Union soldiers passed through the city on their way to the front, and local organizations provided lodging, food, laundry, and bathing facilities before city and federal hospitals expanded care for the sick and wounded. Soldiers were treated at Broad Street, Christian Street, Citizens Volunteer, Cuyler, Haddington, Islington Lane, McClellan, Officer, South Street, Summit House, and Turner's Lane hospitals, with Satterlee and Mower the largest; Satterlee General Hospital, opened in 1862, could accommodate 3,000 patients, and Mower General Hospital, opened in 1863, held 4,000. During the war, more than 157,000 soldiers, sailors, and Confederate prisoners were treated in Philadelphia hospitals, and many died from disease or wounds. The dead were first buried in several places that together formed the original Philadelphia National Cemetery, including War Department lots in seven city cemeteries as well as burials in Chester, Whitehall, and Bristol. By the early 1880s, Quartermaster General Montgomery C. Meigs decided to consolidate these dead into a single national cemetery, and after the War Department acquired more than 13 acres in northwest Philadelphia in 1885, an estimated 1,500 Union and Confederate remains were reinterred there. The cemetery was designed in the rural style, with curving roads, generous plantings, and a large Italianate house that served as the superintendent's residence for fifty years before being razed in 1934. One Civil War Medal of Honor recipient buried there is Gen. Galusha Pennypacker of the 97th Pennsylvania Infantry, who earned the medal for bravery in the January 1865 assault on Fort Fisher, was afterward promoted, became the youngest Union general at age 20, and died in 1916.