Lynchburg was a mere crossroads village in 1861, but the Civil War and its aftermath transformed it. By the end of April 1861, six weeks before Tennesseans formally voted to secede, local men had formed Company E, the Lynchburg Rangers, of the 1st Tennessee Volunteer Infantry (Provisional), led by Colonel Peter Turney of neighboring Franklin County, with local captains Dr. Ezekiel Y. Salmon, Thomas H. Mann, William P. Tolley, and Owen J. Bailey, and Salmon's brick dwelling at 295 Main Street serving as their meeting place. By May, the Lynchburg Rangers were in Virginia, where they remained for most of the war as part of the Tennessee Brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia, fighting in almost every major battle from Manassas to Antietam to Cold Harbor, including Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg. When survivors returned to Lynchburg in 1865, they found a place greatly changed: the Tullahoma Campaign had left many local farms in shambles, and in 1863 a landowner had given emancipated slaves, all free by the war's end, land for the Elm Street Church of Christ. By 1867, recovery was under way as Salmon added a fine Greek Revival section to his brick dwelling, which became the Grand Central Hotel and later Mary Bobo's Boardinghouse. The legislature created Moore County in 1871, Lynchburg became the county seat in 1873, and wartime and Reconstruction traumas gradually faded as conditions improved, personified by local resident Jack Daniels, whose distillery soon produced the Tennessee whiskey known worldwide.