Several miles southeast of Bend on Newberry Volcano’s northern flank, the Arnold Lava Tube System spans public and private lands and preserves lava conduits linked to flows about 80,000 years old. Its modern name, applied by NASA geologist Ronald Greeley, derives from Arnold Ice Cave, long known to settlers and once mined for ice sold to Bend. The caves were known much earlier to Native Americans, and Charcoal Cave no. 1 shows human presence by 1370 A.D. Today the system includes 20 caves, with Wind Cave the longest. Heavy recreation and vandalism damaged caves, archaeological sites, and bat habitat, prompting seasonal closures and restoration to protect this fragile volcanic, biological, and archaeological landscape.