Red Canyon in Fremont County, Wyoming, was shaped by the uplift of the nearby Wind River Range about 60 million years ago, which exposed sedimentary rocks later carved by streams. Oxidized iron deposits give the canyon its red color, and its walls display formations including the Permian Phosphoria and Triassic Chugwater. Red Canyon Creek flows through this arid landscape to the Little Popo Agie River, creating valuable habitat. People have used the canyon for more than 10,000 years, including the Shoshone and Washakie tribes, who traveled through it between South Pass and the Wind River Basin. In the 1870s, settlers farmed the canyon floor for nearby mining towns, and today much of it is managed as a working ranch and recognized as a National Natural Landmark.