As the number of prisoners grew, additional buildings were erected including workshops, a chapel, a hospital, and a four-story cell block to house the overflow population and move inmates out of confinement in the mine. The ruins are the site of the Upper Prison, built in 1805. Intended as a cell block, the building proved unsecure and was ultimately transformed into a workshop. In 1815, the second floor became a 250-seat chapel, and prison officials hired clergymen from nearby communities to preach on Sundays and religious holidays. Church services encouraged prisoners to reflect on their wrongdoings and plan their return to society as law-abiding citizens, while guards also led prayer and scripture readings during mealtime. Prisoners possessed a small number of Bibles and religious tracts furnished by the Bible Society in the state. Even before the chapel was built, inmates did their own preaching, including British loyalist Simeon Baxter, who called himself the voluntary chaplain to prisoners in the apartment called Orcus. While confined in the mine, he preached against the patriot cause and specifically against George Washington and Congress, and his sermon was later reprinted and shared in London.
