Between May 31 and June 1, 1921, white supremacist violence devastated Tulsa's Greenwood District, a thriving Black community known for its businesses, churches, newspapers, and professional offices. After Dick Rowland was accused of assault and rumors of a lynching spread, a confrontation at the courthouse escalated into a broader assault as white rioters invaded Greenwood, killed residents, looted property, and burned more than 35 square blocks. The attack left thousands homeless, sent hundreds to hospitals, and caused enormous property losses. Though Greenwood was largely rebuilt, the massacre was long suppressed in public memory before later investigations and state actions brought wider recognition.