In December 1863, Union Gen. William W. Averell’s 2,500 cavalrymen raided Salem, Virginia, to disrupt the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad supply line to Confederate Gen. James Longstreet, who was besieging Knoxville, Tennessee. After the raid, Averell’s men marched north over frozen mountain roads and flooded streams including Craig’s Creek as Confederate pursuers closed in. Two miles east of here at Island Ford Bridge over the flooded, icy Jackson River, Confederate Col. William L. “Mudwall” Jackson’s 19th Virginia Cavalry held the crossing and planned to burn the bridge to prevent Averell’s escape. Averell’s cavalry, however, raced around Jackson’s position by a shortcut through an icy, narrow ravine off Rich Patch Road on December 19. Horses slipped and fell, and Averell’s men were stretched out over four miles. They rode onto the Dibrell’s Springs and Lynchburg Turnpike (present-day U.S. Route 60) at dusk a mile from the bridge and swept aside the Confederates waiting to burn it. The Federals poured across and escaped, except for the rear guard and supply wagons, which Jackson prevented from crossing with a rare night attack on the bridge. The next morning, Confederate sharpshooters repulsed Averell’s attempt to rescue his rear guard, and Averell burned the bridge. When the Confederates moved downstream to defend another bridge, the Union rear guard set fire to the wagons and crossed the river at Holloway’s Ford a mile south of here to rejoin Averell. Four men were swept away and drowned.