The New York Stock Exchange grew from a 1792 agreement among 24 brokers into the largest stock market in the world by market capitalization and a central symbol of American finance. Based on Broad Street off Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, it helped organize securities trading, expanded with the 19th-century economy, and consolidated its dominance after merging with a rival in 1869. Its history is tied to major crises, including the 1920 Wall Street bombing, the 1929 crashes, wartime closures, and later market shocks. Over time it shifted from fractional to decimal pricing, became a publicly traded for-profit company, and continued adapting through the COVID-19 pandemic.