Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge in southern Arizona was established in 1985 to protect 117,107 acres in the Altar Valley near the Mexican border. It preserves a large stretch of semidesert grassland, along with riparian and wetland habitats at Arivaca Cienega, Arivaca Creek, and Brown Canyon in the Baboquivari Mountains. Fire plays an important role in grassland restoration, and the refuge supports highly diverse wildlife, including many mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. It has been central to reintroduction efforts for masked bobwhite and pronghorn and lies within the range of occasional jaguar movement into the United States, making it a significant borderlands conservation landscape.