In 1861 Harris County was the center of 492 miles of Texas railroads, with the Texas & New Orleans running to Orange, the Houston & Texas Central to Millican, the Houston Tap & Brazoria to Columbia, the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos & Colorado to Alleyton, and the Galveston, Houston & Henderson to Galveston. At Hempstead on the Houston & Texas Central, passengers took the Washington County Railroad to Brenham and from there went by stagecoach to Austin, the state capital. The Eastern Texas Railroad ran from Beaumont to Sabine Pass, the Memphis, El Paso & Phoenix ran 5 miles out of Jefferson, and a "Southern Pacific" went from Marshall to the Louisiana line. The 15-mile Indianola Railroad made a junction with the San Antonio & Mexican Gulf, which ran from Port Lavaca to Victoria. During the war, 1,000 troops guarded and maintained the Texas & New Orleans, while other troops destroyed 2 lines to prevent their use in possible invasions. The war ruined 7 roads because an overtaxed industry could not replace worn tracks, parts, or rolling stock. By 1865 only the Houston & Texas Central and the Galveston, Houston & Henderson still ran trains, and their tracks and rolling stock were much in need of replacement.