Late in 1863, Union and Confederate armies followed the line of the East Tennessee & Georgia Railroad during a series of battles for control of Chattanooga, a strategically vital rail center. In Charleston, near the site of a raid by Confederate Gen. Joseph Wheeler’s cavalry, the Henegar House served as a headquarters for Union Gen. William T. Sherman, Cumberland Presbyterian Church served as a Confederate hospital, and the Hiwassee River Heritage Center interprets the story of Union occupation. In downtown Cleveland, Union forces built Fort Hill late in 1863 to protect the railroad, and a nearby cemetery was established where the dead of both sides were interred; in 1914, the Grand Army of the Republic erected there a monument for Union soldiers, one of three such memorials in the state. Fighting also occurred around the Masonic Female Institute in Cleveland, and the site of a major Confederate hospital is nearby. Silverdale Confederate Cemetery contains the graves of about 155 of Gen. Braxton Bragg’s soldiers, most of them unknowns who died in hospitals in 1862. Nearby are units of Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, including Orchard Knob, Missionary Ridge, and Lookout Mountain, where Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s victory late in November 1863 turned the tide against the Confederates and resulted in Federal occupation of most of East Tennessee for the rest of the war.