Haystack Rock is a 235-foot basalt sea stack just offshore at Cannon Beach, formed from lava flows about 15 to 17 million years ago that helped shape much of the Oregon coast. Once connected to the mainland, it was isolated by erosion and now stands as one of the state's best-known shoreline landmarks. At low tide, the area around its base exposes tide pools rich with intertidal life, while the rock supports nesting and roosting seabirds including tufted puffins. Protected through layered state, federal, and local measures, it serves as both a wildlife sanctuary and a major natural attraction that draws about 350,000 visitors annually.