The Lewis and Clark Expedition, officially the Corps of Discovery, was in what is now South Dakota from August 21 to October 14, 1804, and from August 21 to September 4, 1806. During that time, the party identified numerous animals, plants, birds, and fish previously unknown to science, including the prong horn antelope, which they called goats, the prairie dog, which they called barking squirrels, the mule deer, coyote, great gray wolf, prairie rattlesnake, northern jack rabbit, a different kind of porcupine, and the black billed magpie, which had been thought to exist only in Europe. They also met with a number of Indian tribes, giving gifts and making speeches about the great white father in Washington, and although there were a few tense moments, they fought no battles with the tribes they encountered in present-day South Dakota. The expedition reached this area on October 14, 1804, one day after John Newman had been court-martialed for mutinous expression; nine members found him guilty, sentenced him to 75 lashes on the bare back, and ordered him disbanded from the party. His punishment was carried out nearby on October 14, after which he remained with the expedition but lost all military gear and duties and was assigned to a boat as a laborer to perform menial tasks around the campsites, which Lewis called drudgeries. An Arikara chief traveling with the party to arrange peace with the Mandans was alarmed by the whipping and told Clark that making examples of wrongdoers was necessary, even by death, but that the Arikaras did not whip anyone, not even their children. In cold and rainy weather later that day, the party left the area now known as South Dakota and entered present-day North Dakota.