HISTORY · HISTORICAL MARKER
Kansas Indian Reservations
History
11
When the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock, many different Indian nations occupied what is now the United States. European settlement gradually pushed many of these native peoples westward. In 1825 the U.S. government resolved to move tribes remaining in eastern states to lands west of the Missouri River, and treaties assigned 30 tribes reservations in what is now eastern Kansas. Historically called "emigrant Indians," these tribes were asked to give up their homelands and emigrate to new lands. The land here was once assigned to the Delawares, with the Wyandots to the east, the Shawnees, Potawatomis, Ottawa, Miamis, and Chippewas to the south, and the Kickapoos to the north. Although the tribes were assured that this land would remain theirs "so long as the sun shines and water runs down hill," that promise was broken. Two generations later, land-hungry settlers forced new treaties that again displaced Native Americans, this time to present-day Oklahoma. Northeastern Kansas remains home to four Indian reservations inhabited by members of the Potawatomi, Kickapoo, Sac and Fox, and Iowa tribes.
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