Grand Bay National Wildlife Refuge preserves a large protected coastal landscape in Mississippi near the Alabama line as part of the United States National Wildlife Refuge System. Established in 1992 under the Emergency Wetlands Resources Act of 1986, it was created to protect one of the Gulf Coastal Plain’s largest remaining undisturbed pine savannas and is intended to exceed 32,000 acres. Its habitats include wet pine savanna, maritime forest, tidal flats, wetlands, marshes, bays, and bayous, supporting resident and migratory birds. The refuge is also known for nine species of carnivorous plants and for research on sea level rise, marsh vertebrates, mercury pollution, plant ecology, and long-term environmental conditions.