INDUSTRY · HISTORICAL MARKER
Tools of the Trade
Industry
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White pine, cedar, and hardwood logging led to the early development of the region. In the late 1800's and early 1900's, the Upper Peninsula logging industry became embedded in lore, story, and written and oral histories. Men such as Wellington Burt, Russell Alger, and George Sullivan left their names on the landscape and then moved on, while place names and a few surviving tools still recall the colorful lifestyles and culture of the era. Lumberjack vernacular was vivid and descriptive: a push was a camp foreman, stovelids were pancakes, a ground plane was a pick axe or grub hoe, sand meant sugar, a katydid was a set of ten-foot to fourteen-foot-high logging wheels, logging berries were prunes, and a corncrib was a thin horse showing ribs. A cant hook was used for rolling logs. Wellington Burt built a large sawmill in Grand Marais in 1879 and later built a narrow gauge railroad east of town, and Burt Township was named for him. Russell A. Alger was governor of Michigan and later served as Secretary of War under President William McKinley, and Alger County was named for him in 1885. Big wheels were invented in downstate Michigan to extend the logging season year-round, though most logging in the Upper Peninsula was done in winter, and large sleighs filled with water iced the logging tote roads at night.
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Grand Marais, Michigan
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