The Ingalls family arrived in Rutland Township, Montgomery County, Kansas, in 1869 on the Osage Diminished Reserve, believing the land would soon be available for legal purchase, after previously living near present-day Rothville in Yellow Creek Township, Chariton County, Missouri. After more than a year in Kansas, they returned to their home in Pepin, Wisconsin. In September 1870, the Osage signed a treaty with the United States government, selling their remaining Kansas land and moving to a new reservation in Indian Territory, now Oklahoma. Although legal purchases were first recorded there in June 1871, Charles Ingalls never filed on the land, which has made the exact location of the family log cabin difficult to identify. The Ingalls Family Bible records that Caroline "Carrie" Celestia Ingalls was born in Rutland Township, Montgomery County, Kansas, on Wednesday, August 3, 1870. The Kansas State Historical Society also located the Charles Ingalls family in the 1870 census for Rutland Township, taken on August 12-13, 1870, by Asa Hairgrove. Using these clues, researchers Margaret Gray Clement and Ellene Charbo searched land records and compared them with census names, determining that the families listed just before and after the Ingalls family were all in the southeast corner of the township. Because only two quarter sections there were not filed on by individuals listed on the census, they selected the southwest quarter of Section 36, Township 33, Range 14, with a hand-dug well on the property, as the most likely home site of the Ingalls family. Since the location was designated as a school section and would have cost much more to purchase, the family had to move again. In Little House on the Prairie, Laura Ingalls Wilder set the family's year in "Indian Territory," where Charles and Caroline Ingalls lived with daughters Mary, Laura, and Baby Carrie and left after hearing that soldiers were being sent to drive white settlers off the land. Laura also told of Pa and neighbor Mr. Scott digging the well and Mr. Edwards helping build the log cabin. Edmund Mason, who lived half a mile away, is considered the most likely model for Mr. Edwards, and Doctor George Tann, the first African American physician in Kansas and Oklahoma, treated the Ingalls family for malaria. In 1972, Clement and Charbo identified this site as the setting of Little House on the Prairie, and in 1977 local volunteers built a replica log cabin there based on descriptions in Laura's book.