The Catskill Mountains rise above the west bank of the Hudson River as it winds south, and their gentle peaks, deep ravines, irregular ridges, and rocky slopes long remained wild and desolate. Although small settlements began there before the American Revolution, the real population boom did not begin until after the war. During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, many people, primarily New Englanders, built homes in several Catskill valleys. In the 19th century, residents of the area used the forests for lumbering, tanning, and furniture making, while the scenic beauty of the woodlands also drew tourists and began the resort industry. Early in the 20th century, the Catskill Forest Preserve was formed to protect the beauty of the mountains, helping keep the region's scenic loveliness available to everyone.