Doctor Albert Carroll Traweek, Sr. and his wife Allie Rainey Traweek came to Matador from Fort Worth soon after their marriage in 1897, where he began his medical practice and they bought a small frame house; they later had six children. A prominent and respected physician, he first traveled on horseback or by horse and buggy to visit patients and became known as the "Pneumonia Doctor" for his success in treating that illness. He established a hospital and became the county's first public health officer. After an earlier dwelling on this site was destroyed by fire, construction of this house began in 1915, using a design by his uncle, West Texas builder Charles Stephens Oates, and the house was completed in 1916 at a cost of $14,000. The two-story stuccoed masonry house combines Italian renaissance, prairie, and classical revival detailing. Visitors included Baldwin Parker, son of Quanah Parker, the last chief of the Comanche Indians, as well as many state and national officials, and the home has remained in the Traweek family.