Turkey, settled in the 1890s, experienced rapid economic growth in the mid-1920s, aided by its location on branches of the Ozark Trail and the Coast-to-Coast Bankhead Highway and by service from the Fort Worth and Denver South Plains Railway linking developing agricultural areas of the panhandle and south plains. After incorporating in 1926, the city grew from an estimated 600 residents in 1927 to about 1,000 by 1929, with two banks. Along with the arrival of the railroad, the availability of gasoline for automobiles and farm equipment contributed to this growth. Phillips Petroleum Company, incorporated in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, in 1917, established its first refinery near Borger in 1927 and opened its first gasoline service station in Wichita, Kansas, later that year. In Turkey, Phillips invested in a railroad loading dock, bulk terminal buildings, a fuel depot, and storage tanks, culminating in a new Phillips 66 Service Station on Main Street that opened on July 27, 1928, the company's first such facility in Texas. The station provided employment, served as a community gathering place, and supplied essential automotive services for travelers and residents. Built in a form typical of early Phillips 66 stations that were placed in residential areas and designed to blend with surrounding homes, the Turkey station remains a virtually intact Tudor Revival example with brick construction, a high-pitched roof, arched doorway, front gable, chimney with letter "P," and "Phillips 66" glass half-globes, and it holds importance in Texas history of settlement, transportation, and architecture.