From the end of World War I to 1929, America moved from boom to bust as new technologies such as the family automobile, talking pictures, radio, and commercial air service became part of daily life and Americans enjoyed confidence and prosperity compared to prewar standards. In October 1929 the stock market collapsed, precipitating the Great Depression, and in 1932 a new president started America on the road to recovery. Meanwhile, Italy and Japan had begun invading other countries, Germany soon adopted an aggressive military policy, and by 1939 Great Britain and France were at war with Germany. Through the Lend-Lease Program, the United States began building and shipping war materials to its allies, and after the 1940 election American industry grew steadily until the attack on Pearl Harbor helped make the United States the greatest industrial nation in the world.