The first church services were held one-mile due east on the south bank of Falling Water River after Joshua Bartlett relocated to Tennessee from Boonesborough, Kentucky and began services in his log house. Recognized as the oldest Baptist church in Putnam County, it was sometimes called Brown's Mill Church because of its proximity to Brown's grist mill. In 1813, the old Caney Fork Baptist Association was renamed after the church. Since 1918, it has been affiliated with the Tennessee Baptist and Southern Baptist Conventions. The third church building housed both the congregation and Brown's Mill School. In 1931, the church moved to its present location. The old building was razed in 2018, and the fifth edifice was built here.