Caprock Canyons State Park and Trailway on the eastern edge of the Llano Estacado preserves a West Texas landscape shaped by more than 10,000 years of human presence, from Folsom and Plainview peoples through Plains Apache, Comanche, and later U.S. expansion. Once part of Charles Goodnight and John G. Adair’s JA Ranch, the land was acquired by Texas in 1975 and opened as a state park in 1982, with the trailway added in 1993 along abandoned railroad right-of-way. Known for dramatic canyon scenery, wildlife, and Lake Theo, it is especially significant for its Goodnight bison herd, a genetic source for modern plains bison populations.