People have long relied on plants for food, clothing, rope, shelter, animal feed, medicine, healing, and rituals. Although little was written down, herbal lore was passed through Native American oral tradition, and Native Americans shared knowledge of valuable herbs and their uses. Among the plants represented are amsonia for venereal disease and bites of mad dogs; milkweed taken internally against witches and used to remove warts; basil seeds for serpent poison, nervous disorders, rheumatic pains, snuff, and headaches; bee balm for colds and bronchial complaints; eupatorium bonaset as a tonic for fever relief and evacuation of the bowels; borage to enhance psychic powers and courage; catnip root, said to make a gentle person fierce, with other uses for bruises and piles; camomile for worms, parasites, and dandruff; coneflower root as an immune stimulant; coriander seeds for the stomach; dandelion leaves and roots as a diuretic and for liver trouble, jaundice, indigestion, and a coffee substitute; dill for hiccups and flatulence and in spells against witchcraft; feverfew to purify the atmosphere, ward off disease, reduce fever and migraine headaches, and treat bites and low spirits; lambs ears in moccasins for comfort and dryness; lavender for insect bites; mint to repel moths and mice and aid indigestion; nettles for hemorrhage and eczema; oregano for toothache, deafness, and stomach tea; parsley for dropsy and the heart; rosemary for brain, memory, complexion, good luck, and breaking spells; rue for eyesight, against witches and spells, and to kill fleas; sage as snuff and tea for the stomach, senses, memory, palsy, and sore throat; savory for colic, bee stings, sight, and lethargy; spearmint for stomach ailments and whitening teeth; marjoram for colds, snuff, purging the brain, sprains, and bruises; thyme to repel moths, nightmares, hangovers, neuralgia, and falling sickness; tarragon to sweeten breath and heal bites from mad dogs; willow for whooping cough, hiccups, and asthma; and yarrow for nosebleeds, ague, snuff, and as a stimulant and tonic.