The historic Liberty Bell, housed in the tower room of Old Independence Hall in Philadelphia, was originally made at Whitechapel Foundry in London, England, arrived in America in 1752, cracked the first time it rang, was recast from the same material, cracked again, and was then remolded by local foundrymen John Pass and John Stow using the same metal with more copper added. Measuring 12 feet in circumference around the lip, 3 feet from lip to crown, and weighing 2,080 pounds, it later cracked a third time on July 8th 1835 while tolling as the remains of Chief Justice John Marshall were being taken to Richmond for burial, after which it was never repaired. Over the years, it called assemblymen to meetings, rang out the hours and fire alarms, and pealed for proclamations, civic celebrations, and historic events. Its crown bears the inscription "Proclaim Liberty throughout all the land unto all inhabitants thereof -- LEV. XXV.X" and beneath that "By order of the assembly of the province of Pennsylvania for the State House in Philadelphia Pass and Stow PhiladA MDCCLIII." It became a universal symbol of liberty, equality, and freedom and an emblem of American patriotism.