Juliana Gutierrez y Chaves Hubbell, born in 1833, came from two prominent early Spanish families in New Mexico and descended from Josefa Baca, the original owner of the land that became present-day Pajarito. In 1849, at age 16, she entered an arranged marriage with trader and army officer James Lawrence Hubbell. Together they developed an extensive ranch that included a mercantile and post office, orchards, vineyards, and pasturelands for livestock they raised and traded. While James was often away on business, Juliana managed the property, became the matriarch of one of the most successful trading families in New Mexico history, and helped establish the modern village of Pajarito. Their ranch house was constructed in four phases in the Territorial style. Between 1855 and 1859, the first eight rooms were built around a large central hall, an architectural innovation in New Mexico influenced by Eastern styles admired by Hubbell. In the mid-1860s, a three-room kitchen ell was added to form a placita, joining Hispanic architectural elements such as twenty-seven-inch-thick adobe walls, a flat roof, vigas, and milled planks. In 1867, two bedrooms were added, and a year later a large mercantile wing was built to the north, creating a rambling nineteen-room structure whose footprint remains evident, with thirteen rooms still standing.