On August 20, 1794, the Battle of Fallen Timbers was fought between a confederation of Indian tribes and General Anthony Wayne’s Legion of the United States. Wayne’s victory led to the 1795 Treaty of Greenville, in which tribes retained northwest Ohio as Indian land except for several reserves granted to the United States, including a 12-mile square at the foot of the rapids where military and trading activity led to the early settlement of Maumee and Perrysburg; the treaty opened the rest of Ohio to the United States. In the 1790s, as settlers from the newly formed United States moved into the Northwest Territory, a region controlled by American Indians and claimed by the British, President George Washington sent Wayne with about 3,000 regulars and militia to build a series of forts between the Ohio and Maumee rivers, where about 1,000 warriors awaited them. Wayne’s decisive victory led to other conflicts, treaties, and eventually the War of 1812 with the British, after which the United States gained control of the territory. For more than 150 years, historians believed the battle had been fought entirely on the floodplain of the Maumee River, but archaeological and scholarly investigations later showed that the most significant portion was fought on high ground near the present-day US 23/24 interchange, while the floodplain fighting occurred near the foot of the rapids on the Maumee River. Archaeological explorations and historical research in the 1980s and 1990s identified 187 acres of open fields and woods at the intersection of US 23 and I-475 as the actual site of the 1794 battle. Fort Miamis, on River Road about four miles east of the battlefield, was built by the British in 1794 to stop U.S. military advances in the Maumee Valley and strengthen American Indian support against the westward spread of U.S. settlements, and the British later used the fort site in the War of 1812.