Stallings Island, in the Savannah River near Augusta, Georgia, is a major archaeological site known for a large shell midden and for naming the Stallings culture and Stallings fiber-tempered pottery, the oldest known pottery in North America. The island was occupied in two main periods, first by people who lived without ceramics and harvested freshwater mussels, and later by Classic Stallings communities whose decorated pottery marked an important regional cultural shift. Together, the remains document a transition from mobile hunter-gatherer lifeways toward more settled village life and agriculture-based communities. Protected after years of excavation, looting, and threat, the site remains central to understanding early pottery in the American Southeast.