Divided loyalties and deep ironies tore at Marylanders’ hearts throughout the Civil War, as enslaved African Americans and free United States Colored Troops, spies and smugglers, civilians imprisoned without trial to protect freedom, and neighbors and families at odds reflected the strains endured from the Eastern Shore to the suburbs of Washington. Those strains continued even after Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, and John Wilkes Booth relied on the help of Southern Maryland’s Confederate underground as he fled from Washington, D.C., after shooting President Abraham Lincoln on April 14, 1865.