Medical and surgical materials in the field were generally limited to what a surgeon carried in a surgeon's field companion and what a regimental hospital steward carried in a bulky hospital knapsack weighing about 20 pounds. These kits held crude implements and pills and liquid medicines including opium-based laudanum, mercury, arsenic, and alcohol. Field surgeons operated with varying degrees of skill, often without anesthesia, and the state of medicine during the war made the treatment of the wounded a great laboratory experiment. Great strides in medicine grew from what doctors learned on the battlefield. Reported casualties included Private Huston Mayfield, Company F, drowned in the Arkansas; Private Key Dougherty, Company F, drowned in the Arkansas; Private Tocah-le-ges-kie, Company F, drowned in the Arkansas; Private Grass, Company B, severely wounded in the left side; Private Backwater, Company A, with a mortal wound and a broken right thigh; and Private Leach Rice, Company I, slightly wounded in the right hand. Lt. Col. Fred Schuarte of the 2nd Indian Home Guard, USA, received a slight wound to the head at the Battle of Elk Creek in Indian Territory. Pvt. James Johnson, Company C, 20th Texas Cavalry, CSA, said that William Huddleston was killed at his left when he was wounded, and that 365 of them went into battle and only 105 came out.