A section of the Chisholm Trail, used from 1867 to 1885 to drive cattle from Texas to the rail heads in Kansas after the Civil War, crosses part of Vance AFB near the entrance to the Armed Forces Reserve Center. The trail was named for Jesse Chisholm, born in 1805 to a Scottish father and a Cherokee mother, whose life reflected the meeting of two cultures. A merchant, guide, and interpreter, he established small trading posts in Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Kansas from the 1830s to the late 1860s. Fluent in fourteen Native American dialects and known for fairness and neutrality, he served as interpreter for numerous treaty councils in Texas, Indian Territory (Oklahoma), and Kansas and was called the "Peacemaker of the Plains." At the outbreak of the Civil War, he and a number of Wichita Indians left their homes in south central Oklahoma and moved near present-day downtown Wichita, Kansas. When they returned to the plains of Indian Territory after the war, their wagons carved the route that later became known as the Chisholm Trail.