This land once stood as a formidable barrier to people moving west in search of prosperity. Eleazar Stillman Ingalls portrayed a bleak journey across this grand landscape, where travelers faced stampedes, hail storms, tornados, and wagon failures such as broken axles. A roadside warning spoke of a person who had slit his throat to escape the misfortunes behind and ahead. The harshest trial lay between the Humboldt and Carson Rivers, where no water could be found. There possessions lost value, horses were worth only the water they could be traded for, and alkali had soured the meat hanging from their bones. From there to the Carson River, kindness and noble acts were rare, and only strong wills and luck carried miserable pioneers beyond the desert graveyard to the spoils of the west.