Chatsworth Nature Preserve is a 1,325-acre open-space area in the northwestern San Fernando Valley on the former site of Chatsworth Reservoir. Its oak woodland, chaparral, grassland, riparian areas, seasonal ponds, and Ecology Pond support rich wildlife, including more than 200 bird species along with mammals, amphibians, and reptiles. The land also preserves deep human history, with evidence of at least 1,000 years of Native cultural use and the historic Chatsworth Calera lime kiln from the Spanish and Mexican periods. After serving from 1919 to 1972 as a key Los Angeles water-storage reservoir, the site was permanently protected in 1994 as a nature preserve for conservation, study, and education.