On April 20, 1863, Confederate Gens. William E. "Grumble" Jones and John D. Imboden began a raid from Virginia through present-day West Virginia on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. Taking separate routes, they later reported that they marched 1,100 miles, fought several engagements, captured 700 Federals, seized about 1,200 horses and 4,000 cattle, and burned 4 turnpike bridges, more than 20 railroad bridges, 2 trains, and 150,000 barrels of oil. Most bridges were soon repaired, Confederate losses were slight, and by May 26 both commands had returned to Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. On Sunday, April 26, 1863, at about 11 A.M., Confederate Col. Asher W. Harman's 12th Virginia Cavalry, Maj. Ridgely Brown's Maryland Cavalry Battalion, and Capt. John McNeil's Partisan Rangers galloped into Oakland to burn the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad bridge and disrupt the main rail line. The approximately 600 men were part of William E. "Grumble" Jones's command. About 60 officers and men of Co. O, 6th West Virginia Infantry, called the Groundhog Regiment because they liked to hunt groundhogs, under Capt. Joseph M. Godwin, defended Oakland. Pvt. Cornelius Johnson was on picket duty on Totten Hill when he saw the Confederates approaching, fired a warning shot to alert the town, then fled. Only Harman's men heard the shot, pursued Johnson, shot the heel from his boot, and took him prisoner. Many of Johnson's comrades were attending services at the Lutheran Church on 5th Street and were taken prisoner when leaving the church without a shot being fired, but Harman paroled them. Part of Harman's command rode to the bridge, which was lightly defended by rifle pits, and burned it. The bridge was rebuilt in five days. A runaway locomotive set in motion by the Confederate cavalrymen in Altamont came to a stop on the edge of the burned bridge. Union forces reoccupied Oakland the next day and soon built two blockhouses to defend the bridge.